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Mariabd安全配置向导 O' t7 m$ Q |6 R" X, ^% z; q
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1.安装完mariadb-server后,运行mysql_secure_installation去除安全隐患: z' l# a1 i# g& h( T7 H
mysql_secure_installation会执行几个设置:
) K! S5 ]' w1 n - 为root用户设置密码
' B9 g! u, q/ V! M* W: m a - 删除匿名账号
n. j, U' r4 N: d- m - 取消root用户远程登录
# H1 g3 Q5 B$ B3 j) L! n3 J# q - 删除test库和对test库的访问权限: R1 R' ]! K( i2 j1 p$ q. y5 p
- 刷新授权表使修改生效
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[root@xuegod63 ~]# mysql_secure_installation #进入安全配置向导- q" j; O" c3 A5 F) K3 } p* J
通过这几项的设置能够提高MySQL库的安全。建议生产环境中MySQL安装完成后一定要运. n- z3 _6 p$ X: X0 `* I3 S& C9 {
行一次mysql_secure_installation,详细步骤请参看下面的命令:
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# z$ Y; b: m% C8 f6 |NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MySQL5 s1 t' l8 ]# y8 q
SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
& S/ R7 L) ?3 y( A! BIn order to log into MySQL to secure it, we'll need the current
6 L/ E8 _; u2 f- s) i" L, |password for the root user. If you've just installed MySQL, and7 d( ~4 P3 h- u
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,+ n, _( i& o) x6 \
so you should just press enter here.
" w9 q- x2 z5 i0 oEnter current password for root (enter for none): #初次运行直接回车,因为root用户没有密码. |/ S8 a: d- n2 T5 K7 E" U
OK, successfully used password, moving on…
% d% y$ t+ \2 V/ c' hSetting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MySQL
3 k! e5 k( F" @7 X9 X6 [root user without the proper authorisation.+ t9 G; [* I1 O
Set root password? [Y/n] Y #是否设置root用户密码,输入Y; M7 k6 ?* l1 Q: V
New password: 123456 #新密码123456
+ M* C4 y' G8 WRe-enter new password: 1234566 H3 K3 J- A9 v3 @. a5 T
Password updated successfully!0 E# h$ I* }& A
。。。# }. w2 F- M4 U* Z
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y #是否删除匿名用户,生产环境建议删除,所以直接回车或 Y
3 ^* [( }% ?7 m1 Z& n... Success!6 I& e9 X0 s. b. H: T0 p
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This
7 j# `6 E- E* s& i, s' o) |! m1 v& pensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
+ ^# u, Z. t4 qDisallow root login remotely? [Y/n] Y #是否禁止root远程登录,根据自己的需求选择
: ^& g2 N. C \( ]/ C* EY/n并回车,建议禁止8 M5 f0 J8 A- c& v) R2 `
... Success!
& c' r6 ~* Q3 ]7 }8 dBy default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
5 P N7 P, k# q) [1 y. J% Oaccess. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed# l0 C" t( m9 t
before moving into a production environment.. I! ]" w$ a$ J3 k! F! P
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y #是否删除test数据库,直接回车或Y - Dropping test database...
* \! u: R4 Y5 O! m... Success!
5 y4 H. c: |$ W8 A' R- Removing privileges on test database...0 P9 @0 F& x+ a: N) @" h
... Success!
3 L5 Z/ Y6 r1 ^& ?9 W3 L8 VReloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
- t+ i* q- x- ^. I# bwill take effect immediately.
1 ~9 b6 I G0 S9 o% \Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y #是否重新加载权限表,直接回车
- s/ N9 k+ p ~+ x" Z... Success!
! [+ s5 }4 d9 B" I9 W* V! yCleaning up...
2 N% F+ q6 B1 T9 r1 E. ]All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
, n% w( @5 S% G! ?# F9 Dinstallation should now be secure.
/ |9 d2 H0 e& m+ [( E7 e* kThanks for using MariaDB9 T8 l% o* `: a! m) D* H
如果不做安全配置,设置root密码# k3 z- _. [. ^8 m$ u% g. e5 m6 |
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[root@xuegod63 ~]# mysqladmin -u root password "123456"% o0 ]- j% J. ^. v
2. 数据库连接
! }9 K/ r* m7 N. n% O7 D% V" q连接MariaDB数据库,连接本机可以去掉 -h选项" o2 Q8 G+ I; Q6 h4 G9 p! K7 s6 u) I& l5 N
# mysql #如MariaDB没有设置密码,并在本地上登录,而且是使用默认端口的情况% Q4 L- ^2 M+ z# f, j
下,可以直接使用mysql命令登录。/ K2 _+ _ q5 ^; B
或:! H' B) G k4 N. C1 p( E
# mysql -h IP -u USER -pPASS #如 MariaDB不是安装在本地时,需要使用-h选项指定
5 W8 @# b4 V* T7 h, h1 fIP登录,如 MariaDB用户设置了密码时,需要使用-u选项指定用户,并使用-p选项指定密码,注意的是; p; F1 L0 [; s
在-p选项和密码之间不能有空格,否则在命令执行后需要再次输入密码,并将有空格的密码串识别为登录) @1 S3 v$ |7 m" y! O( J
的数据库。
/ {% Q/ O! v+ N$ g7 iMariaDB的超级管理员是root用户,拥有MariaDB数据库的最高权限。
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. g" |8 i( o: e' { B6 Z3. 测试数据是否正常
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, y9 F R% K9 M* J4 n0 g% a2 J[root@xuegod63 ~]# mysql -u root -p123456 % M% s- k. A3 r5 S5 y. P
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; #没有test数据库 #执行时,所有命令以;号结尾
; v0 m! W# M; S& K+-------------------------+
* W$ `, ~4 H# B/ q6 Y; j( R| Database |
5 i# `; c8 E$ z0 @/ q4 Q+-------------------------+ - g1 ]0 ]+ N l0 e
| information_schema | M; g) J. E) k; Y; } n5 g6 S
| mysql |
$ M, I+ N7 t6 V- T; f| ucenter |0 R; e. ~# g( d6 O$ ?$ R4 X; w7 |
+-------------------------+ % Q) P/ G( f- {, ^3 R2 i& z/ S
3 rows in set (0.00 sec) , x( M! Y# z: _$ Q1 A$ Z: U: c
MariaDB [(none)]> exit #退出命令可以加分号,也可以不加分号。
0 e4 m; o2 M: Z4. 测试网站是否支持PHP+ {5 ?' ~# f3 R9 U o$ }
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[root@xuegod63 ~]# cd /var/www/html/
) _( l+ h, j* o% ^! e[root@xuegod63 html]# vim index.php
, u" ]' G3 G* m0 B<?php 9 N8 n* C+ N8 Q8 `0 t
phpinfo(); * n; m' X2 J o
?>
# ]; _2 a% M, B/ b8 o+ e- O9 ]' G[root@xuegod63 html]# systemctl restart httpd #重启httpd服务。
6 E H+ \+ i# s[root@xuegod63 html]# iptables -F #清空防火墙
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+ s. v( R( J$ [/ W0 k$ L3 n6 NLAMP网站架构搭建完成
* L Z7 ?# F0 m P) N> 到此MySQL数据库安装成功
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